Содержательный модуль: курс “Прямая и косвенная речь” предназначен для изучающих английский язык на различных уровнях. Качественное прохождение курса способствует овладению, закреплению и повторению времен, и способов выражения мыслей при переходе из прямой речи в косвенную и наоборот.
Автор курса – кандидат педагогических наук, Чирво Алина Юрьевна
Курс состоит из 3 модулей, каждый из которых включает в себя теоретическую часть, рекомендуемый материал для прочтения и изучения, контрольные вопросы, практические задания.
Прохождение всего курса рассчитано на 4 недель. Еженедельные сроки сдачи модулей представлены ниже.
Предполагается регулярное общение с тьютером-консультантом посредством электронной связи (Achirvo@gmail.com), блогов, а также личных сообщений.
Тьютер курса – к.п.н. Чирво А.Ю.
Общие требования к обучающимся: владение английским языком на уровне не ниже Intermediate, навыки работы на компьютере, умение разбираться в информационных потоках.
Учебная программа:
29 октября- 4 ноября: Модуль 1. Повторение времен.
5-14 ноября: Модуль 2. Изменение времен при переходе из прямой речи в косвенную. Просьбы, приказы, утвердительные предложения в косвенной речи.
15-25 ноября: Модуль 3. Общий и специальные вопросы в косвенной речи.
Модуль 1.
Пройдите по ссылке на мой мини-сайт (Аудио) и повторите времена.
Модуль 2.
Sequence of tenses in Reported Speech
In reported speech (imperative
statements) the verb to say -сказать is changed for the
following verbs depending on the sense of the statement:
1. Command is reported by
to tell- велеть, сказать чтобы
to order -приказывать.
to command -
скомандовать
to forbid - запрещать
to urge - настаивать
на, уговаривать
2.Request is reported by
to ask - просить - neutral verb, without any
emotions
to beg - просить - more emotional than
the verb to ask
to request - is used in official style,
chiefly in the Passive voice. It is best rendered in Russian by предложить
E.g. The inspector
requested the passenger to produce his ticket.
or The passenger was requested to produce ...
3. Advice is reported by
to
advise - советовать,
to recommend - рекомендовать
to warn - предупреждать
to remind - напомнить
to encourage - поощрять, подбадривать
to invite – приглашать
In English in phrases
expressing command or request in reported speech after the verbs we must use
an object denoting the person to whom this command or request is directed.
Otherwise (without an object) the sense of the phrase changes:
He
asked Tom to open the window
He asked to open the window
The teacher asked the boy to leave the class-room
The boy asked to leave the class-room
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Он попросил Тома открыть
окно
Он попросил разрешения
открыть окно
Учитель попросил ученика
выйти из класса
Ученик попросил разрешения
выйти из класса
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In
Russian we can express command or request without an object and it doesn’t
change the sense of the phrase:
Я
попросил отослать письмо.
Я велел
открыть окно.
Such phrases must be
translated into English as follows: verb
+ complex object in passive voice
I asked for the
letter to be sent off.
I
ordered the window to be opened
9. Requests and
advice can be expressed in a variety of ways:
“Why don’t you take off your
coat?”
“Would/Could
you show me your passport, please?” he
said
“You
might post some letters for me,” -
said my boss
“Do sit down,”
said my hostess
“Don’t forget to order the wine,” said Mrs
Pitt
“Try again,” said Ann’s friends encouragingly
“Go on, apply for the job,” said Jack
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= He advised me to take off my coat
= He asked
me to show
him my passport - Он
попросил меня показать ему мой паспорт
or = He asked (me) for my
passport - Он попросил мой паспорт
or = He asked to see my passport -
Он попросил разрешения посмотреть мой паспорт
= My boss asked
me to post some letters for him
= My hostess
invited me to sit down
= Mrs Pitt
reminded her husband to order the wine
= Ann’s friends encouraged her to try again
= Jack urged/ encouraged her to apply for the job
|
Reported statements and questions are subordinate clauses from the
grammatical point of view and follow the rule of sequence of tenses. Simply
speaking, the tense form of the verb in a subordinate clause ‘makes a step
back’.
Direct Speech
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Reported Speech
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e.g. She said that
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Present Indefinite
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Past Indefinite
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Future Indefinite
Future Continuous
Future Perfect
Future Perfect Continuous
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Past Indefinite
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect
either unchanged or Past
perfect Continuous
remains unchanged
remains unchanged
Future Indefinite in the Past
Future Continuous in the Past
Future Perfect in the Past
Future Perfect Continuous in the Past
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... they often wrote letters
... they were writing a letter
... they had just written a letter
... they had been writing for an hour
... they had written a
letter the night before
... was (had been) writing at 5 o’clock
... they had written
the letter by 5 o’clock
... they had been waiting
for me since 5
... they would write a
letter the next day
.. they would be writing at
5 o’clock
..they would have written a
letter by 5
... they would have been
writing for 2 hours by 5 o’clock
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1 Indirect
speech: commands, requests, advice
Indirect commands, requests, etc. are normally expressed by tell,
order, ask, beg, advise, remind,
warn, etc., with the person addressed and the infinitive.
e.g. "Give me a pen, please", said Tom. - Tom asked me to give him a pen.
"Don't open the envelope", said Tom. - Tom advised me not to open the envelope.
Change the
following direct commands into indirect commands using this construction.
Remember that the person addressed is often not mentioned in a direct command:
1. He said, 'Get out of my way.'
2. 'Climb in through the window,' he
ordered.
3. 'Open your bag, please,' said the
store detective.
4. 'Don't use bent coins in a slot
machine,' I warned him.
5. 'Have confidence in me,' urged the
doctor.
6. 'Read the notice about life-saving
equipment,' advised the air-hostess.
7. 'Don't argue with your father,' I
said.
8. 'Remember to prune the roses,' said
my aunt.
9. 'Wait for me at the bridge,' said the
young man.
10. 'Write
to me as often as you can,' said his wife.
11. 'Put
your pistol on the table,' said the crook.
12. 'Don't
forget your sandwiches,' said his mother.
13. 'Don't
go near the water, children,' she said.
14. 'Don't
make mountains out of molehills,' he said.
2 Indirect speech: commands, requests,
invitations, offers, advice
1. 'Would you like a cigarette?' said
one of the guests.
2. 'Remember to switch off when you've
finished,' he said.
3. 'You'd better apologize for being
late,' said my mother.
4. 'Would you like to wait here?' said
the receptionist, showing me into the waiting room.
5. 'You must see this exhibition!' said
all my friends.
6. 'If you will kindly sit down the
fortune-teller will be with you in a moment,' the girl said.
3. Indirect
speech: statements
Put the
following statements into indirect speech.
1.
'I'm going out now, but I'll be in by
nine,' he said. (Omit now.)
2.'My young brother wants to be a tax
inspector,' said Mary. 'I can't think why. None of my family has ever been a
tax inspector."
3.'I've made a terrible mistake!' said
Peter. 'You're always making
terrible mistakes,' I said.
4. 'I'll look for my skates when I get
home,' Ann said.
5. 'I'm living with my parents at
present,' she said, 'but I hope to have a flat of my own soon.'
6. 'I've just bought a car,' said Peter,
'but it's not insured yet so I can't take
you for a drive.'
7. 'I've missed my train,' said Bill.
'Now I'll be late for work and my
boss will be furious.'
8. ‘If you lend me the chainsaw,' said Mary,’
I'll bring it back the day after tomorrow.'
9.'The sales are starting tomorrow,'
said the typist. 'As soon as we finish work the whole typing pool is going to make a dash for the
shops.'
10. 'I
hope you'll all get what you want,' I said.
11. 'I must hurry. My father is always furious if any
of us are late for meals,' she
said.
Модуль 3.
Общий и специальные вопросы в косвенной речи.
4 Indirect speech: questions
Put the following
into indirect speech.
1.
'What happened to Mr
Budd?' said one of the men.
2.
'Who is going to live in
the big house?' enquired a third.
3.
'What will happen to his
racehorses?' asked someone else.
4.
'Which team won the
previous match?' said Bill.
5.
'Who is playing next
week?' he asked.
6.
'Who wants a lift home?'
said Ann.
7.
'Who has just dropped a
£10 note?' I asked.
8.
'Where is the ticket
office?' asked Mrs Jones.
9.
'What platform does the
train leave from?' asked Bill.
10. 'When was the timetable changed?' I asked.
11. 'How can I get from the station to the airport?' said Bill.
12. 'Does this train stop at York?' asked Bill.
13. 'Are there smoking compartments?' said the man with the pipe.
Упражнения на выбор. Вам предлагается выполнить любые два упражнения из предложенных на выбор.
Ex. 1. Read and translate
the sentences. Comment on the sequence of tenses in them.
1. Our Geography teacher
told us at the last lesson that there aren't any unknown islands left on the
Earth. 2. My Grandmother used to say that tastes differ and that I shouldn't be
so choosy. 3. Don't leave, Katya. Ann said that we'll be having tea soon. 4.
Melanie said she hadn't met Eddie since she (had) left the town. 5. I replied
that she should not be so noisy. 6. Bruno remarked that when he came in, Sonya
was crying. 7. She noticed that the child ought to be more well-behaved. 8.
Grace explained that when she left school, Donald was already studying at
University. 9. Susan said that she (had) learnt how to eat with chopsticks when
she was in Hong Kong. 10. He said that he
could meet us at the airport. 11. Bill declared that he had owned the firm ever since he (had)
started it in 1990.
Ex. 2. Use the right form
of the verbs in brackets. Retell the texts
1. Two men were passengers
on a four-engine plane. Suddenly, one engine (fail) and the pilot (announce)
that the plane (be) now fifteen minutes late. A short time later another engine
(go) out of order. The pilot (have to) announce they (be) thirty minutes late.
Then the third engine (start) burning, and the stewardess announced that they
(be) one hour late. At this point, one man (say) to his neighbour, "If the
fourth engine (quit), we (can) (be) up here all day."
2. Sitting at home one
afternoon, a retired doctor and his wife decided to call another couple to see
what they (do). "Oh," (say) the other wife, "we just (drink)
coffee and (talk)." The doctor's wife (hang) up the phone. "Why we
not ever (do) that?" she (demand). And she (explain) that they just
(drink) coffee and (talk). So, the doctor (tell) his wife to make them a pot of
coffee. Soon they (sit) with their freshly brewed coffee, staring at each
other. "Call them back," he (direct), "and find out what they
(talk) about."
Ex. 3. Retell the following
jokes in indirect speech.
1. A man
walked into the emergency room with both of his ears badly burnt. The man
explained, "The phone rang and I picked up the iron by mistake." The
nurse asked, "How did you burn the other ear?" "I did
that," said the man, "when I went to phone the ambulance." 2. A
telephone man was trying to measure the telephone pole but couldn't figure out
how to climb up the pole. He radioed the office and they suggested that he
should lay the pole down on the ground and measure it. The phone man didn't
like that idea. "That won't work. I need to measure how high it is, not
how long." 3. Did you hear about the man who died from jumping out of an
airplane? It seems he was watching the movie, forgot where he was and stepped
out for some more popcorn. 4. "I have good news and bad news," the
defence attorney told his client. "First, the bad news. The blood test
came back, and your DNA is an exact match with that found at the crime
scene." "Oh, no!" cried the client. "What's the good
news?" "Your cholesterol has gone down to 140." (From "Stupid Men's Jokes")
Ex. 4 Translate into English.
1. Туристы были очень удивлены. Никогда раньше они
не видели такого количества людей. Но гид объяснил им, что это обычное явление
в Гайд-Парке в хорошую погоду. 2. Они надеялись, что если мать поговорит с ним,
то он изменит свое решение. 3. Он позвонил нам и сказал, что всю неделю идет
дождь, но синоптики обещают хорошую погоду в начале следующей недели. 4. Отец
посмотрел на мои ботинки и сказал, что это просто позор, потому что я не чистил
их неделями. 5. Каролина сказала нам, что этот красивый комод был в ее семье
более двух веков и что сейчас он очень ценный. 6. Мальчик сказал, что их путь лежал через лес. Снег
перестал идти, сияло солнце. Они надеялись, что вскоре доберутся до станции. 7.
Я столкнулся с Анжелой, когда проходил мимо банка. Мы не встречались с тех пор,
как закончили университет. Она радостно поздоровалась со мной и сообщила, что
только что открыла счет в этом банке. 8. Учительница объяснила шестилеткам, что
земля круглая и что она вращается. Одна девочка очень удивилась и сообщила, что
она всегда считала, что земля плоская. 9. У стены стоял старомодный шкаф,
который видел лучшие времена (дни). Хозяйка объяснила, что он принадлежал ее прабабушке.
Метаинформационный модуль.
Предложенные вашему вниманию справочники, словари и энциклопедии помогут с меньшими временными затратами найти необходимую информацию.
Толковые
словари и тезаурусы, англо-русские,
русско-английские
и иные словари
BBI Combinatory Dictionary of English
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Common
Errors in English – справочный
ресурс по часто встречающимся ошибкам в употреблении английских слов
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English Luciferous Logolepsy
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Glossary.ru
– служба тематических толковых
словарей
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Lingvo 8.0 (ABBYY) On-line
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Merriam Webster's Collegiate Dictionary – словарь и тезаурус
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Merriam Webster's Unabridged –
Unlimited access to the complete text of Webster's
Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged – the largest and most
comprehensive dictionary produced in North America
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Oxford English Dictionary, в 20 томах, включая обновленные статьи
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The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy – Phrases/Proverbs
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Visual Thesaurus
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Wordsmyth – независимый проект онлайнового Интернет-словаря и тезауруса, спонсируемый
IBM
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WordWeb – скачиваемый тезаурус, основанный на семантической сети WordNet Принстонского ун-та
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Автоматический
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языка
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About.com –
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Acronym Finder – универсальный словарь англоязычных сокращений
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Encyclopedia Britannica
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Коммуникационный модуль.
Жду ваши выполненные работы, вопросы и предложения.
Achirvo@gmail.com и на блоге.
Демонстрационный модуль.
http://help-ege.ru
Оценочный модуль.
Программа не предусматривает самостоятельного выполнения заданий по пройденному материалу. Присылайте вашему тьотору выполненные задания.
Модуль личной информации.
Сайт школы, в которой я работаю учителем английского языка.
http://school648.org/index/fotoalbomy/0-5
Мини-сайт
http://nsportal.ru/user/47471
Сайт университета, где я преподаю на Кафедре раннего изучения иностранных языков www.mgpu.ru и страничка Кафедры
http://www.mgpu.ru/subdivision.php?subdivision=125
